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SCALLOPED HAMMERHEAD
Order - Carcharhiniformes
Family - Sphyrnidae
Genus - Sphyrna
Species - lewini

Taxonomy
The scalloped hammerhead was originally described as Zygaena lewini by Griffith and Smith in 1834. This shark was later renamed Sphyrna lewini (Griffith and Smith, 1834), which remains the current valid name. The name Sphyrna translates from Greek to the English language "hammer", referring to the hammer-shaped head of this species. Synonyms used in past scientific literature to refer to the scalloped hammerhead include Cestracion leeuwenii (Day 1865), Zygaena erythraea (Klunzinger 1871), Cestracion oceanica (Garman 1913), and Sphyrna diplana (Springer 1941).

There are approximately 10 related species of hammerheads throughout tropical and temperate regions including the bonnethead (Sphyrna tiburo), great hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran), and smooth hammerhead (Sphyrna zygaena).


Common Names
Common names in the English language include scalloped hammerhead, bronze hammerhead shark, hammerhead, hammerhead shark, kidney-headed shark, scalloped hammerhead shark, and southern hammerhead shark. Other common names are abul-garn (Arabic), aka-shumokuzame (Japanese), cação-cornudo (Portugese), cachona (Spanish), chadayan sravu (Malayalam), cornuda (Spanish), geschulpte hamerhaai (Dutch), Glowomlot tropikalny (Polish), jarjur (Arabic), jerong tenggiri (Malayan), kalhigandu miyaru (Maldivian), kampavasarahai (Finnish), krusan (Bikol), ktenozygena (Greek), mano kihikihi (Hawaiian), morfillo (Spanish), peixe-martelo (Portuguese), pez martillo (Spanish), requin marteau (French), skulprand-hamerkop (Afrikaans), tiburón martillo (Spanish), and yu palang (Malay).


Geographical Distribution
The scalloped hammerhead is circumglobal, residing in coastal warm temperate and tropical seas. In the western Atlantic Ocean, this shark is found from New Jersey (US) south to Brazil including the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea; and in the eastern Atlantic from the Mediterranean Sea to Namibia. Distribution in the Indo Pacific includes from South Africa and the Red Sea, throughout the Indian Ocean, and from Japan to New Caledonia, Hawaii, and Tahiti. Off the coasts of southern California to Ecuador and perhaps south to Peru are locations where the scalloped hammerhead is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean. In Australia, this hammerhead may be found off the northwestern Western Australia coast.

SHORTFIN MAKO
Order - Lamniformes
Family - Lamnidae
Genus - Isurus
Species - oxyrinchus


Taxonomy

Rafinesque first described this shark as Isurus oxyrinchus in 1810. Since then, it has also appeared in the literature as Isurus spallanzani Rafinesque 1810, Oxyrhina glauca Müller & Henle 1839, Isuropsis dekayi Gill 1862, Isurus mako Whitley 1929, and Isurus africanus Smith 1957 as well as many others. The species name oxyrinchus is translated from Greek "oxy" = sharp and "rynchus" = nose. Isurus is Greek for equal tail referring to its lunate caudal fin


Common Names

The shortfin mako's common name is derived from the Maori term mako, which translated means "shark". Other common names referring to this shark include al karch (Arabic), amlez (Hebrew), anequim (Portuguese), anequin barbatana curta (Portuguese), aozame (Japanese), aso-polota (Samoan), atlantic mako (English), atunero (Spanish), blauhai (German), bleu pointu (French), blue pointer (English), blue shark (English), bonito shark (English), cação-atum (Portuguese), canavar baligi (Turkish), cane de mare (Spanish), carcharias, carito (Spanish), cawar (Somali), chlarm (Khmer), deeba (Arabic), dentuda (Spanish), dentuse (Spanish), diamante (Spanish), dientuse (Spanish), dientuso azul (Spanish), dikburun (Turkish), dikburuncanavar baligi (Turkish), dog shark (English), ganumu sora (Telugu), gisandoo (Wolof), haai (Dutch), haringhaai (Dutch), janequín (Spanish), kortvin-mako (Afrikaans), kortvinmakreelhaai (Dutch), lamie (French), mackerel porbeagle (English), mackerel shark (English), mako (English), mako shark (English), makrelenhai (German), ma'o a'ahi (Tahitian), marache (French), marracho-azul (Portuguese), marrajo dientuso (Spanish), ngutukao (Maori), ossirina (Italian), pointed nose shark (English), requin-taupe bleu (French), sharpnose mackerel shark (English), shortfin shark (English), snapper shark (English), solraig (Catalan), spitssnuitmakreelhaai (Dutch), squalo mako (Italian), and taupe bleu (French).


Geographical Distribution

The shortfin mako has a wide distribution. It is found in tropical and temperate waters throughout the world's oceans. In North America it ranges from California to Chile in the Pacific and from the Grand Banks to the hump of Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea in the Atlantic. It is commonly seen in offshore waters from Cape Cod to Cape Hatteras. In the eastern Atlantic the shortfin mako ranges from Norway to South Africa, including the Mediterranean and it is found throughout the Indian Ocean from South Africa to Australia. In the western Pacific it ranges from Japan to New Zealand and in the central Pacific it occurs from the Aleutian Islands to the Society Islands.

DUSKY SHARK
Order - Carcharhiniformes
Family - Carcharhinidae
Genus - Carcharhinus
Species - obscurus

Taxonomy

Lessueur first described the dusky shark in 1818 and classified it as Squalus obscurus, later renaming it the currently valid name Carcharhinus obscurus. The genus name Carcharhinus is derived from the Greek "karcharos" = sharpen and "rhinos" = nose. Obscurus can be translated from Latin as "dark, indistinct". Since its original description, this shark has appeared in the literature under several different names, including Geleolamna greyi Owen 1853, Carcharias macrurus Ramsay & Ogilby 1887, Galeolamna (Galeolamnoides) eblis Whitley 1944, Carcharhinus iranzae Fourmanoir 1961, and Carcharhinus obscurella Deng, Xiong & Zhan 1981.


Common Names

Common English language names for this shark include bay-shark, black whaler, bronze whaler, brown dusky shark, brown shark, common whaler, dusky ground shark, dusky shark, shark, and shovelnose. Other names include arenero (Spanish), blauhai (German), cação fidalgo (Portuguese), cazón (Spanish), donkerhaai (Afrikaans), dotabuka (Japanese), estrela (Portuguese), karcharynos skotinochromos (Greek), köpek baligi (Turkish), lamia (Spanish), marracho areneiro (Portuguese), requiem de sable (French), schemerhaai (Dutch), squalo scuro (Italian), sumuhai (Finnish), tiburón arenero (Spanish), and zarlacz ciemnoskóry (Polish).


Geographical Distribution

The dusky shark is a cosmopolitan species that occurs along continental coastlines in tropical and temperate waters. It ranges from Nova Scotia to Cuba (including the northern Gulf of Mexico) and from Nicaragua to southern Brazil in the western Atlantic and from southern California to the Gulf of California in the eastern Pacific. It is also found in the Mediterranean, Indian and western Pacific, including Madagascar and Australia.

TIGER SHARK
Galeocerdo cuvier


GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The tiger shark has tiger-like markings on a dark back with an off-white underbelly. Pups have spotted markings that grow together to form stripes that fade with maturity. It has a large, thick-body with a blunt snout. The first dorsal fin is much longer than the second. The caudal fin is long and pointed. There is a dermal ridge along the back between the 2 dorsal fins. Color-Adult: gray-brown on top, off-white belly, young shark: dark stripes on the back.

Tiger sharks have a special gill slit (a spiracle) behind the eyes that provides oxygen flow directly to the eyes and brain. It also has a very good sense of smell, electroreceptors sensitive to electric currents in the water, and keen eyesight.

TEETH
Tiger shark teeth are very serrated (saw-edged), razor-sharp, and curved. The teeth are the same in upper and lower jaws

The teeth are located in rows which rotate into use as needed. The first two rows are used in obtaining prey, the other rows rotate into place as they are needed. As teeth are lost, broken, or worn down, they are replaced by new teeth that rotate into place.

SIZE
Tiger sharks grow up to 20 feet (6 m). On average they are about 10 feet (3 m) long.

DIET AND FEEDING HABITS
Tiger sharks will eat fish, turtles, crabs, clams, mammals, sea birds, reptiles, other sharks, and just about anything else that they can catch alive.

TIGER SHARK ATTACKS
The tiger shark does occasionally attack people and is greatly feared, but people are not sought out by sharks.

SOCIAL GROUPS
Tiger sharks are solitary animals except during mating.

HABITAT
Tiger sharks go from the surface to 1,200 feet (340 m). They swim in tropical waters worldwide and in some temperate seas. They inhabit both the shoreline and open waters, ranging perhaps up to 500 miles.

DISTRIBUTION
Tiger sharks are found worldwide in warm seas (tropical and subtropical).

SPEED
Tiger sharks swim at an average speed of 2.4 mph (3.85 kph). They can swim in fast bursts, but can only sustain these high speeds for a few seconds..

REPRODUCTION
Tiger sharks reproduce via aplacental viviparity; the young of tiger sharks are born live in litters of between 10 and 82 pups. Gestation takes about 9 months. At birth they are 20-30 inches (51-76 cm) long and are completely independent.

LIFE SPAN
The life span of the tiger shark is unknown.

mako
 
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We hope you find these profiles interesting and informative. As more information becomes available we will update each profile accordingly.
  Great White Shark
Tiger Shark
Mako Shark
Hammerhead Shark
Thresher Shark
Blue Shark
Porbeagle Shark
 

 

 

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